Принцип работы задней стойки стабилизатора и ее замена — Рамблер/авто

Одним из элементов подвески автомобиля является стабилизатор поперечной устойчивости, который предназначен для борьбы с креном кузова при повороте транспортного средства. Стойки стабилизатора — это соединительный элемент между концами стабилизатора и центральным элементом подвески, а благодаря наличию в своей конструкции шарниров соединение стабилизатора с подвеской получается подвижным.

Как и все детали в автомобиле, стойки иногда выходят из строя, и тогда появляется вполне логичный вопрос: как снять стойку стабилизатора, чтобы можно было заменить ее новым элементом? Если и вы ищете ответ, тогда рекомендуем дочитать до конца данную статью.

Как работают задние стойки стабилизатораКак проверить стойки стабилизатора Признаки неисправности задней стойки стабилизатораКак заменить заднюю стойкуПорядок снятия задней стойкиПорядок установки стойки стабилизатора

Как работают задние стойки стабилизатора

На стабилизатор возложено достаточно много важных функций: повышение устойчивости транспортного средства на дороге (особенно неровной), снижение возможного крена при резком повороте автомобиля или других маневрах, а также исключение возможности появления поперечного опрокидывания, вследствие чего существенно снижается риск переворота машины.

Учитывая, что стабилизаторы способны работать только в плоскостях, приближенных к горизонтальным, это накладывает некоторые ограничения на конструкцию транспортного средства. Поэтому, во избежание разного рода неприятностей, стабилизаторы соединяются с несущими элементами подвески: рычагами или амортизаторами. Роль соединяющего звена в этом случае досталась стойкам, расположенным в вертикальной плоскости.

Принцип работы задних и передних стоек стабилизатора предельно прост: когда автомобиль входит в поворот, действие центробежных сил заставляет упругие элементы одного борта машины сжиматься, в то время как на другом борте они растягиваются. В этот момент средняя часть стабилизатора скручивается и пытается приподнять кузов машины со стороны крена. С другой стороны машины кузов, наоборот, опускается, сжимая упругий элемент подвески. В результате столь слаженных действий происходит выравнивание автомобиля по отношению к плоскости дорожного полотна.

Это интересно! Подвеску и стойки соединяют особые шарниры, обеспечивающие герметичную связь элементов.

Как проверить стойки стабилизатора

Для того чтобы проверить состояние стоек, можно воспользоваться одним несложным способом. Для этого необходимо освободить пространство в колесной нише, что достигается посредством поворачивания колесной пары. После этого ухватитесь рукой за стойку стабилизатора и постарайтесь сильно расшатать ее из стороны в сторону. Если при выполнении этих манипуляций появится люфт, и вы услышите характерный стук, то замена стойки стабилизатора неизбежна. В нормальном состоянии таких особенностей не должно быть, что связано с большими нагрузками, которые испытывает механизм в процессе езды.

Для более тщательной диагностики можно загнать авто на смотровую яму или же выполнить проверку при помощи подъемника. В последнем случае, машина устанавливается на домкраты, после чего отдается фиксирующая гайка и освобождается стойка стабилизатора. Дальше механизм расшатывается рукой, как и в первом случае. Наличие характерных звуков биения и свободный ход шарниров свидетельствует о необходимости их замены или ремонта. Определить ослабленное крепление деталей также можно при помощи монтировки, которой раскачивается стойка в месте крепления. Если для расшатывания не требуется много усилий, значит, деталь и правда вышла из строя и нуждается в незамедлительной замене.

В том случае, когда у вас нет подъемника, но имеется смотровая яма, нужно попросить кого-то расшатать машину, в то время как, находясь внизу, у вас получится лучше определить место донесения звука, сигнализирующего о поломке. Также присутствие неисправности вы сможете почувствовать тактильно, прикоснувшись к механизму.

В большинстве случаев, стираются втулки или ломается шаровой элемент подвески.

Признаки неисправности задней стойки стабилизатора

Определить необходимость замены задних стоек стабилизатора можно и исходя из внешних признаков проблемы, которые чаще всего заметны при движении автомобиля по неровным дорогам и ухабам. Прежде всего, водитель должен обратить внимание на стук, возникающий под капотом или в задней части транспортного средства. Кроме того, если на большой скорости машина идет «юзом», ее сносит с колеи (особенно при отпускании руля), из-за чего приходится постоянно подруливать, то это также является типичными признаками неисправности упомянутой детали. В этом случае самое время задуматься над тем, как менять стойку стабилизатора.

Как заменить заднюю стойку

Выполнить замену стойки стабилизатора вполне можно самостоятельно, соблюдая при этом кое-какую осторожность. Весь процесс условно разделяют на два этапа: снятие изношенной задней стойки и установку новой детали.

Порядок снятия задней стойки

Перед тем как приступать к замене задних стоек стабилизатора, нужно поднять ось автомобиля при помощи домкрата или подъемника. Такое положение транспортного средства поможет уравновесить подвеску.

Важно! Перед тем как начинать поднимать машину, обязательно подложите под задние колеса упоры. В противном случае, стабилизатор оттянет подвеску вниз, и даже если у вас получится демонтировать стойку заднего стабилизатора, правильно установить сменную деталь уже не получится.

Дальше необходимо очистить от грязи место предстоящего ремонта, а чтобы ось не проворачивалась, вставляют шестигранный ключ, захватывая им ее торец. После этого необходимо открутить гайку, которая фиксирует стойку, и снять деталь. Места креплений также очищают от грязевых отложений, после чего можно спокойно переходить к установке новой стойки стабилизатора.

Порядок установки стойки стабилизатора

Сменный элемент устанавливается на место снятого, торец полуоси придерживается ключом и закручивается гайка. Только не зажимайте ее до конца, а только наживите. После того как опустите машину, сможете до конца затянуть крепления. Очень важно выполнить эту задачу только после того, как стойки займут правильное положение. Кроме того, подтягивать гайки рекомендуется и после небольшого пробега автомобиля (достаточно будет нескольких километров).

Важно! После замены стоек стабилизатора необязательно выполнять регулировку развала-схождения колес, так как замененные детали никоим образом не влияют на угол их наклона.

90000 What Is a Stabilizer Link on a Car? 90001 90002 90003 by Contributor 90004 90005 90002 madeinchina.com 90005 90002 Stabilizer links act as components of auto suspensions, connecting several other parts that take much of the punishment as you pass over pot holes and other road imperfections. 90005 90010 Function 90011 90002 Modern cars use segmented suspensions. Stabilizer or sway bars have stabilizer links. The stabilizer bar holds pairs of wheels connected, while stabilizer links hook this larger piece with arms that go up to the wheels themselves.Ball joint connections enable turning and suspension travel. 90005 90010 Significance 90011 90002 Stabilizer bars links improve handling and shock absorption, keeping the car from swaying too much as you turn — which could lead to loss of control. Adding stabilizer links between the main bars and the wheels refines this process of control, so cars handle «tight.» 90005 90010 Types 90011 90002 With the prevalence of pot holes and bumpy roads, your entire suspension needs to withstand shocks, so stabilizer links employ cast iron, steel and alloy in their construction.Most have at least one ball joint for connecting with adjacent suspension components. A minority of stabilizer links lack ball joints altogether. Japanese and European car makers often employ this flat type. 90005 90010 Identification 90011 90002 You can identify stabilizer links by looking for ball jointed metal connections next to the wheels. Mechanics may refer to them simply as ball joints. Related but different parts of the suspension, such as idler and Pitman arms, can be found at the center of the undercarriage below your steering wheel.Most stabilizer links measure around 10 to 15 inches. 90005 90010 Effects 90011 90002 Worn stabilizer links affect steering, ride and fuel efficiency. Symptoms include a creaking or screeching noise as you pass road imperfections, plus wobble, skip and «dead zones» in steering. Do not overlook these signs, as broken stabilizer links can lead to loss of control. 90005 90010 Considerations 90011 90002 While not expensive items, stabilizer links require specialty tools and brute force to fit properly.Two stabilizer links on a domestic car should set you back around $ 120 to $ 150 at a budget repair shop. Unlike many other items on your car, new stabilizer links have an immediate and noticeable effect on the quality of your drive. 90005 90034 More Articles 90035.90000 How do stabilizer bars work? 90001 90002 Stabilizer bars are part of a car’s 90003 suspension system 90004. They are sometimes also called anti-sway bars or anti-roll bars. Their purpose in life is to try to keep the car’s body from «rolling» in a sharp turn. 90005 90002 Think about what happens to a car in a sharp turn. If you are inside the car, you know that your body gets pulled toward the outside of the turn. The same thing is happening to all the parts of the car.So the part of the car on the outside of the turn gets pushed down toward the road and the part of the car on the inside of the turn rises up. In other words, the body of the car «rolls» 10 or 20 or 30 degrees toward the outside of the turn. If you take a turn fast enough, the tires on the inside of the turn actually rise off the road and the car flips over. 90005 90002 Roll is bad. It tends to put more weight on the outside tires and less weigh on the inside tires, reducing traction.It also messes up steering. What you would like is for the body of the car to remain flat through a turn so that the weight stays distributed evenly on all four tires. 90005 90002 90003 Car Suspension Image Gallery 90004 90005 90002 A stabilizer bar tries to keep the car’s body flat by moving force from one side of the body to another. To picture how a stabilizer bar works, imagine a metal rod that is an inch or two (2 to 5 cm) in diameter. If your front tires are 5 feet (1.6 meters) apart, make the rod about 4 feet long. Attach the rod to the frame of the car in front of the front tires, but attach it with bushings in such a way that it can rotate. Now attach arms from the rod to the front suspension member on both sides. 90005 90002 When you go into a turn now, the front suspension member of the outside of the turn gets pushed upward. The arm of the sway bar gets pushed upward, and this applies torsion to the rod. The torsion them moves the arm at the other end of the rod, and this causes the suspension on the other side of the car to compress as well.The car’s body tends to stay flat in the turn. 90005 90002 If you do not have a stabilizer bar, you tend to have a lot of trouble with body roll in a turn. If you have too much stabilizer bar, you tend to lose independence between the suspension members on both sides of the car. When one wheel hits a bump, the stabilizer bar transmits the bump to the other side of the car as well, which is not what you want. The ideal is to find a setting that reduces body roll but does not hurt the independence of the tires.90005 90002 90005 .90000 What are automatic stabilizers? 90001 90002 Someday, the U.S. will suffer another recession. With interest rates already very low, monetary policy may not be able to carry the entire burden of mitigating economic downturns. Thus, the role of fiscal policy in economic stabilization is being viewed with increasing importance. But with political polarization in Washington, there is concern that Congress will not move quickly enough to cut taxes or raise spending (known as discretionary fiscal policy) to buffer the effects of a crisis.So economists and others are looking towards expanding provisions in the law that automatically increase spending or reduce tax bills when the economy turns down. 90003 90004 90005 What are automatic stabilizers? 90006 90007 90002 Automatic stabilizers are mechanisms built into government budgets, without any vote from legislators, that increase spending or decrease taxes when the economy slows. During a recession, automatic stabilizers can ease households ‘financial stress by decreasing their tax bills or by boosting cash and in-kind benefits, all without changes in the tax code or any other new legislation.For example, when a household’s income declines, it generally owes less in taxes, which helps cushion the blow. Additionally, with a decline in income, a household may become eligible for unemployment insurance (UI), food stamps (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP), or Medicaid. 90003 90002 Automatic stabilizers do not just help families facing financial difficulties-they also help the overall economy by stimulating aggregate demand when times are bad and when the economy is most in need of a boost.When times are better, automatic stabilizers generally phase down or turn off. Most automatic stabilizers are federal; states and localities are generally required to balance their budgets, so they can not run big deficits during downturns. 90003 90004 90005 What are the components of automatic stabilizers? 90006 90007 90002 Both taxes and spending can have stabilizing effects on the economy. Most taxes have a stabilizing effect because they automatically move with economic growth. For example, personal and corporate income tax collections decline during recessions along with income and profits, and payroll tax collections decline when employment and wages fall.Spending on some transfer programs also depends on the state of the economy. For instance, outlays for unemployment insurance increase when the unemployment rate rises, and spending on anti-poverty programs like Medicaid and SNAP increases during recessions because bad economic times mean that more people are eligible. 90003 90002 As shown in the chart below, the bulk of the value of automatic stabilizers comes from changes in tax revenues, rather than from spending on programs. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), revenues have accounted for about three-quarters, on average, of the effect of automatic stabilizers on the budget over the past 50 years (CBO 2015).90003 90002 90003 90004 90005 How are automatic stabilizers different from changes in discretionary fiscal policy? 90006 90007 90002 One of the benefits of automatic stabilizers is that they do not require legislative action and respond quickly to economic downturns. Discretionary fiscal policy requires action from Congress, so there may be considerable time lags due to debates on the appropriate response, steps in the rulemaking process, and the administrative actions for funds to reach the pockets of consumers.During the Great Recession, Congress responded relatively quickly: the first fiscal action was the Bush Economic Stimulus Act, which was signed on February 13, 2008, which turned out to be only two months after the recession was later determined to have begun (Furman 2018 ). But the largest stimulus package, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 was authorized five quarters after the start of the recession. By this time, spending on automatic stabilizers had already grown to 2 percent of potential GDP-the maximum sustainable output of the economy (Schanzenbach 2016).Examining economic stabilization policy from 1980 to 2018, Sheiner and Ng (2019) find that automatic stabilizers provide about half of the total fiscal stabilization, with the other half provided by discretionary fiscal policy. 90003 90004 90005 How have automatic stabilizers changed over time? 90006 90007 90002 The responsiveness of automatic stabilizers to economic conditions has been fairly stable over time. According to CBO, automatic stabilizers averaged about 0.4 percent of potential GDP for each percentage point difference between GDP and potential GDP ( «output gap») from 1965 to 2016.Likewise, Auerbach and Feenberg (2010) find that the federal tax system’s impact as an automatic stabilizer has changed relatively little. Sheiner and Ng find that although the degree of cyclicality of overall fiscal policy has been somewhat stronger in the past 20 years than the previous 20 before that, the contribution to GDP growth of automatic stabilizers in response to a percentage point gap between the unemployment rate and the natural rate has been relatively steady, fluctuating between 0.3 and 0.5 between 1980 and 2008. 90003 90004 90005 How did automatic stabilizers function during the Great Recession? 90006 90007 90002 From 2009 to 2012 automatic stabilizers lowered revenues by 1.2 percent of potential GDP, and increased spending by 0.6 percent — a combined effect of 1.8 percent of potential GDP. 90039 [1] 90040 The increase in discretionary spending stemming from legislative action contributed on average about 1.3 percent of potential GDP over this period. As shown in the chart below, the stimulus from discretionary spending was cut off abruptly in 2013, even though the unemployment rate was still high.Automatic stabilizers provided stimulus for much longer. 90003 90002 90003 90004 90005 How do automatic stabilizers work at the state and local level? 90006 90007 90002 State and local governments have balanced budget requirements, meaning that any reductions in spending or increases in taxes that come from state and local automatic stabilizers have to be offset in order to balance the budget. Although states have rainy day funds intended to help balance budgets when tax revenues fall, most are too poorly financed to stave off the need for spending cuts and tax increases during recessions.When state and local governments increase taxes or decrease spending to meet their balanced budget requirements, they counteract their automatic stabilizers and put a drag on recovery efforts. Sheiner and Ng estimate that, from 1980 to 2018, discretionary cuts to state and local spending fully offset the stimulative effects of the state and local automatic stabilizers. 90003 90002 But balanced budget requirements also mean that states are more likely to spend what they receive, so sending money to states is a particularly effective way for the federal government to stimulate the economy.For instance, during the Great Recession, the federal government increased its Medicaid spending share, and this was an effective relief to states. 90003 90004 90005 What is the case for expanding automatic stabilizers in the U.S.? 90006 90007 90002 Many analysts are worried that we are ill-prepared for the next recession. On average, the Federal Reserve typically cuts interest rates by five percentage points to combat recessions (Summers 2018). But with interest rates still well below 5 percent, monetary policy is likely to be constrained by the zero lower bound, increasing the importance of fiscal policy as a stabilizing tool.Further, with the debt-to-GDP ratio already very high by historical standards, it is unclear whether we can rely on Congress to enact measures to boost the economy during the next recession. But the benefits of using fiscal policy to fight recessions are likely to far exceed their costs. With interest rates so low, debt is not very costly (Elmendorf and Sheiner 2016 року; Blanchard 2019). Furthermore, to the extent that prolonged joblessness leads to lower labor force participation for an extended amount of time, using fiscal policy to fight recessions may even pay for itself in the long run (DeLong and Summers 2012) 90003 90004 90005 What are some options for strengthening automatic stabilizers? 90006 90007 90002 For automatic stabilizers to be effective, they should be timely and bolster aggregate demand.That is, people who are on the receiving end of a stimulus must get the money quickly, and then actually spend it. However, not all tax cuts or spending programs are created equal: cutting certain taxes or increased spending on certain programs have more «bang per buck.» For instance, lower income households are more likely to spend additional income than are higher income households, who are more likely to have the resources to maintain spending levels during hard times. 90003 90002 Thus, a good way to enhance automatic stabilizers is by strengthening the safety net.One option is to automatically increase the amount of food stamps one can receive during a downturn. This action could be administered quickly by raising the value of electronic benefit cards, and is well-targeted to the most vulnerable families (Bernstein and Spielberg 2016). Another option would be to extend or increase the value of UI benefits (currently, UI benefits are limited to 26 weeks). Indeed, research indicates that policies like SNAP and UI have high «bang per buck» as economic stimulus (Blinder 2016).90003 90002 But these policies alone may not involve enough stimulus. One alternative could be to provide a temporary, refundable tax credit for working households (Sahm 2019). Refundable tax credits help lower-income households because they receive money even if it exceeds the amount of taxes they owe. On the other hand, a policy that reduces tax rates, which would give disproportionate benefits to higher-income households, may be less effective. 90003 90002 Other policies, such as increasing infrastructure spending or grants to states, may also be helpful by increasing spending substantially, but may not be optimal due to time lags.To get around the timing issue, Haughwout (2019) proposes an infrastructure investment plan that delivers federal funds to state and local infrastructure projects that would be automatically triggered during a recession. Fiedler et al. (2019) propose to tie the share of federal support for state Medicaid and CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program) programs to state unemployment rates. 90003 90004 90005 How do automatic stabilizers in the U.S. compare with those in other rich countries? 90006 90007 90002 Automatic stabilizers are linked to the size of the government, and tend to be larger in advanced economies (Horton and El-Ganainy 2018).Among the advanced economies, the U.S. has relatively weaker automatic stabilizers. The chart below shows the size of automatic stabilizers-the automatic change in the fiscal balance due to a one percentage point change in the output gap-for each country calculated by Girouard and Andre (2005). Their finding that the U.S. has weaker automatic stabilizers than most of Europe is consistent with other studies (Dolls et al. 2010 року; Fatas and Mihov 2016). Instead, the U.S. has tended to use relatively more aggressive discretionary fiscal policy to compensate for weaker automatic stabilizers (Fatas and Mihov 2016).90003 90002 90005 90006 90003 90002 90039 [1] Calculated as the difference between the quarterly revenues (outlays) component of CBO’s automatic stabilizer estimate for the reference quarter-year and the revenue (outlay) automatic stabilizer component value in quarter 4, 2007. 90040 90003 .90000 How To Use STA-BIL® Storage Fuel Stabilizer 90001 90002 Gasoline has a shelf-life. Within a few months, untreated gas fades in potency and can gum up the internals of the fuel system. Within 6 months, stored fuel can completely varnish the carburetor, requiring cleaning in order to get the engine running again. When your engine is in long-term storage, it is important to use a fuel stabilizer. 90003 90002 STA-BIL® Storage is formulated to protect the fuel from deteriorating for up to 24 months, meaning that the fuel will remain at full strength and not varnish or gum up the internals of your engine.This eliminates the need to drain your fuel before storing the engine. It also protects ethanol blends as well. 90003 90002 The shelf life of STA-BIL® is 2 years after it has been opened. If the color of the liquid turns very dark red or brown, it should be replaced as the effectiveness has been lost. 90003 90002 Using STA-BIL® fuel stabilizer is easy, simply pour it into the gas tank and then run the engine for a few minutes to distribute the treated fuel into the rest if the fuel system.Your engine will remain fresh for up to 24 months with one treatment of STA-BIL® Storage fuel stabilizer. 90003 90002 Pull the cap on the small spout and remove the seal. 90003 90002 The bottle is unique to STA-BIL® fuel stabilizer, as you might notice. There are two spouts, one is normal, and one is long and skinny. This is the measurement spout. Uncap the spout, squeeze the bottle until the fluid reaches the line you need, and then pour out that metered dose. STA-BIL® should be added at 1-ounce per 2.5 gallons of fuel for proper protection. 90003 90002 Leave the large cap tight, and then squeeze the bottle slowly to fill the dispenser to the level you need. 90003 90002 90003 90002 Next, pour STA-BIL® into the gas tank and replace the gas cap. Do not worry, we wiped up the little bit that spilled. 90003 90002 With your fuel properly treated, you can rest assured that your engine will start up when you need it, even after a long hard winter. Whether you are storing a lawnmower, motorcycle, snowmobile, classic car, or generator, STA-BIL® will ensure the fuel stays at full strength.90003 90002 The last step is to fire up the engine to distribute the stabilized fuel. Now you are ready for up to 24 months of storage. 90003 90002 Check out all the chemical products 90025 available on NAPA Online or trust one of our 17,000 NAPA AutoCare locations for routine maintenance and repairs. For more information on STA-BIL® Storage fuel stabilizer, chat with a knowledgeable expert at your local NAPA AUTO PARTS store. 90003 90002 90028 90029 Related Articles 90030 90031 90003.